Material on Judgment and Decision Making

A compilation of main findings concerning people's judgment and decision-making errors:

Tversky, Amos; Kahneman, Daniel. Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. [Chapter] Arkes, Hal R. (Ed), Hammond, Kenneth R. (Ed), et al. (1986). Judgment and decision making: An interdisciplinary reader. (pp. 38-55). Cambridge, England UK: Cambridge University Press. xiv, 818 pp.

Does the "hot hand" in basketball exist?:

Gilovich, Thomas; Vallone, Robert; Tversky, Amos. The hot hand in basketball: On the misperception of random sequences. [Journal Article] Cognitive Psychology. Vol 17(3), Jul 1985, 295-314.

Conjunction fallacy:

Tversky, Amos; Kahneman, Daniel. Extensional versus intuitive reasoning: The conjunction fallacy in probability judgment. [Journal Article] Psychological Review. Vol 90(4), Oct 1983, 293-315.

How good are our statistical intuitions?:

Kahneman, Daniel; Tversky, Amos. On the study of statistical intuitions. [Journal Article] Cognition. Vol 11(2), Mar 1982, 123-141.

Availability heuristic:

Tversky, Amos; Kahneman, Daniel. Availability: A heuristic for judging frequency and probability. [Journal Article] Cognitive Psychology. Vol. 5(2), Sep 1973, 207-232.

Representativeness heuristic:

Kahneman, Daniel; Tversky, Amos. Subjective probability: A judgment of representativeness. [Journal Article] Cognitive Psychology. Vol. 3(3), Jul 1972, 430-454.
Tversky, Amos; Kahneman, Daniel. Belief in the law of small numbers. [Journal Article] Psychological Bulletin. Vol. 76(2), Aug 1971, 105-110.

Framing effects:

Tversky, Amos; Kahneman, Daniel. The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice. [Journal Article] Science. Vol 211(4481), Jan 1981, 453-458.

Teaching better reasoning under uncertainty:

Kosonen, Peter; Winne, Philip H. Effects of teaching statistical laws on reasoning about everyday problems. [Journal Article] Journal of Educational Psychology. Vol 87(1), Mar 1995, 33-46.
Fong, Geoffrey T; Nisbett, Richard E. Immediate and delayed transfer of training effects in statistical reasoning. [Journal Article] Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. Vol 120(1), Mar 1991, 34-45.
Lehman, Darrin R; Lempert, Richard O; Nisbett, Richard E. The effects of graduate training on reasoning: Formal discipline and thinking about everyday-life events. [Journal Article] American Psychologist. Vol 43(6), Jun 1988, 431-442.
Nisbett, Richard E; Fong, Geoffrey T; Lehman, Darrin R; Cheng, Patricia W. Teaching reasoning. [Journal Article] Science. Vol 238(4827), Oct 1987, 625-631.

Critique of the error-focussed approach to human judgement under uncertainty:

Hertwig, Ralph; Gigerenzer, Gerd. The "conjunction fallacy" revisited: How intelligent inferences look like reasoning errors. [Journal Article] Journal of Behavioral Decision Making. Vol 12(4), Dec 1999, 275-305.
Gigerenzer, Gerd; Hoffrage, Ulrich; Kleinboelting, Heinz. Probabilistic mental models: A Brunswikian theory of confidence. [Journal Article] Psychological Review. Vol 98(4), Oct 1991, 506-528.
Gigerenzer, Gerd; Hoffrage, Ulrich. How to improve Bayesian reasoning without instruction: Frequency formats. [Journal Article] Psychological Review. Vol 102(4), Oct 1995, 684-704.
Gigerenzer, Gerd; Hell, Wolfgang; Blank, Hartmut. Presentation and content: The use of base rates as a continuous variable. [Journal Article] Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance. Vol 14(3), Aug 1988, 513-525.